Digital Entrepreneurship and Gender‑Related Constraints in Marginalised Communities: Evidence from South‑South Nigeria
Abstract:
Purpose: This study examines the associations between digital literacy, financial inclusion, digital infrastructure, and gender-related constraints and entrepreneurial performance in marginalised communities in South-South Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey of 380 entrepreneurs across six states was conducted using structured questionnaires. Multi-item Likert scales measured digital literacy, financial inclusion, digital infrastructure, gender-related constraints, and entrepreneurial performance. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used to assess the relationships among the variables while controlling entrepreneur and firm characteristics.
Findings: Digital literacy, financial inclusion, and digital infrastructure are positively and significantly associated with entrepreneurial performance. Financial inclusion exhibits the strongest association. Gender-related constraints are negatively associated with performance, indicating that perceived structural barriers remain relevant even when digital and financial resources are present.
Practical implications: The findings suggest that policies aimed at strengthening digital skills, expanding responsible financial inclusion, and improving digital infrastructure may support entrepreneurial outcomes in marginalised communities. Efforts to address persistent gender-related barriers remain important for ensuring inclusive digital entrepreneurship.
Originality/value: The study provides large-scale quantitative evidence from an under-researched sub-national region of Nigeria, applying established digital entrepreneurship constructs to a marginalised context and offering context-specific insights for policy and practice.
KeyWords:
Digital literacy, financial inclusion, digital infrastructure, gender related constraints, entrepreneurial performance, innovation and digital entrepreneurship
References:
- Adegbore, A. M., Tella, A., & Jide, A. (2023). Digital literacy skills and system quality as predictors of learning management systems use of postgraduate students in Ibadan Nigeria. IJIE (Indonesian Journal of Informatics Education), 7(1), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.20961/ijie.v7i1.74229
- Arnaud, J., São Mamede, H., & Branco, F. (2024). The relationship between digital transformation and digital literacy: An explanatory model. F1000Research, 13, 253. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.146991.1
- Ashubwe, K., Nyamboga, H., et al. (2025). The potential of digital loans to reduce gender disparities in financial access in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Inclusive Finance and Development. Advance online publication.
- Babatunde, A. A. (2024). Demand side factors and financial inclusion: The mediating role of financial self-efficacy. Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, 13(2), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.12775/CJFA.2024.006
- Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.
- Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley.
- Dinasti, E., Rahman, A., & Putra, D. (2023). Digitalpreneur competency model and digital literacy on MSME business performance in Jambi Province. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 4(3), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v4i3.1626
- Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2004). Digital literacy: A conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(1), 93–106.
- Fauzi, F. (2020). The effects of financial and digital literacy on SMEs’ growth. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 9(4), 188–202.
- Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Sage.
- Hasan, R., Ashfaq, M., Parveen, T., & Gunardi, A. (2023). Financial inclusion: Does digital financial literacy matter for women entrepreneurs? International Journal of Social Economics, 50(8), 1085–1104. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-04-2022-0277
- Kraus, S., Palmer, C., Kailer, N., Kallinger, F. L., & Spitzer, J. (2019). Digital entrepreneurship: A research agenda on new business models for the twenty-first century. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 25(2), 353–375. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2018-0425
- Kwarteng, M. A., Ntsiful, A., Diego, L. F. P., & Novák, P. (2024). Extending UTAUT with competitive pressure for SMEs’ digitalisation adoption in two European nations: A multi-group analysis. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 76(5), 842–868. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-11-2022-0482
- Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Odu, A. O. (2017). Digital literacy and the implication on Nigerian digital library. International Journal of Library and Information Science Studies, 3(2), 13–19.
- Oyelakin, A. M. (2022). Increased digital literacy skills as a catalyst for driving Nigerian digital economy: An overview. Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(1), 52–57.
- Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
- Saghir, J., & Santoro, J. (2024). Taxing mobile money in Kenya: Impact on financial inclusion. International Centre for Tax and Development.
- Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson.
- Sharma, H., & Díaz Andrade, A. (2023). Digital financial services and human development: Current landscape and research prospects. Information Technology for Development, 29(4), 582–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2023.2199189
- Ugwuja, V. C., & Ayodeji, P. E. (2022). Leveraging on digital technology for financial inclusion of women agripreneurs in Southern Nigeria. F1000Research, 11, 704.
- UNCTAD. (2025). Breaking down barriers for women digital entrepreneurs: Insights from Africa.
- UNDP. (2023). Digital entrepreneurship in Africa.
- Valentowitsch, J., & Schueffel, P. (2024). Doing business in the digital age: Towards an adjusted resource-based view of the firm. Journal of Competitiveness Studies and Management, 2(4), 1–24.
- World Bank Pathways for Prosperity Commission. (2020). Harnessing digital technologies for inclusive growth.
- Yussupova, A., Temirkhanova, A., et al. (2025). The impact of digital entrepreneurial competencies, digital infrastructure and innovation on SME performance. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Quarterly, 9(1), 33–52.